跨海铁路轮渡是一项现代的综合运输工程,涉及铁路、港口、船舶、航运等多行业,具有规模巨大、技术复杂、工程实施难度高等特点,是专业性极强的系统工程。铁路轮渡在世界上已有150多年的历史,但由于安全、效率、环保和成本等方面要求很高,实施这种复杂巨系统仍然是极具挑战性的任务。跨海铁路轮渡在我国是一项新兴的交通运输技术,虽然有国内外工程实施经验可借鉴,但技术条件和工程环境差异很大。对于这样一个复杂巨系统,总体设计理念是系统顺利实现的基础,总体构架、接口技术、功能需求、技术措施是系统设计成败的关键。可以说,整个铁路轮渡系统的技术开发和建设就是系统集成的过程。鉴于烟大铁路轮渡工程规模大、条件复杂、技术要求高以及在自然条件上与粤海轮渡差异大等特点,为了在较短的时间内,以较小的成本高质量的实施烟大铁路轮渡系统,本研究在总结国内外铁路轮渡工程实施经验的基础上,充分吸收系统集成思想,展开铁路轮渡系统集成模式的研究,再应用所提出的集成理论与方法进行烟大铁路轮渡系统工程实施研究。本文主要包括以下几方面内容：1.系统分析了铁路轮渡系统的基本功能、集成目标与集成原则。构建了铁路轮渡系统的集成框架,包括核心子系统的划分、物理网络架构和逻辑网络架构,并分析了系统集成的关键技术与接口问题,从而提出了铁路轮渡系统集成的一种模式,即从技术集成方法与运营管理集成方法两方面详细描述了实施铁路轮渡系统这样复杂巨系统的思路。2.在对铁路轮渡系统合理性影响因素分析的基础上,建立了铁路轮渡系统集成模式合理性的指标体系,提出了一种基于模糊综合评估模型与层次分析模型的模糊性层次分析模型,便于在项目立项初期进行科学性的定量分析,辅助决策。3.应用提出的铁路轮渡系统集成模式,分析烟大铁路轮渡系统各核心子系统的特点以及集成目标,搭建系统集成框架。然后,根据烟大铁路轮渡系统的集成目标及特点,完成烟大铁路轮渡系统的技术集成和运营管理集成。4.结合烟大铁路轮渡系统集成技术,提出了铁路轮渡集成效果分析方法,分析评估了烟大铁路轮渡系统集成效果。首先,对整个系统集成进行了合理性评估。其次,对烟大铁路轮渡系统的综合能力进行分析,并提出进一步加强系统能力的措施。再次,建立烟大铁路轮渡船桥港动力分析模型,对列车通过船桥港时的行车动力性能以及下部结构的动力响应进行评价。最后,实施了烟大铁路轮渡系统的系统联调。烟大铁路轮渡系统的成功实施,说明了本研究提出的铁路轮渡系统集成模式是比较科学的,具有良好的参考价值。烟大铁路轮渡系统集成中所采用的多项新技术及方法也可为今后铁路轮渡系统设计或铁道工程相关领域设计提供参考。
电加热器
Cross-sea railway ferry is one means of modern comprehensive transportation, which is involved in railway, port, ship, navigation, transportation engineering, etc. thus it is a system engineering, with the characteristics of huge scale, complicated technology and difficulty in construction. Although railway ferry has 150 years history in the world, it’s still a very challenging task nowadays owing to the highly demands on safety, comfort, efficiency, environment, construction cost and so on.Cross-sea railway ferry is a new-emerging means of transportation in China. Although there is a great deal of practical experience in cross-sea railway ferry overseas and Yue-Hai railway ferry in China, each railway ferry project faces much different engineering environment and technical requirements. As for such a complicated system, the integrated design conception is the basis, and the overall framework, interface technique, function demand, and technical measure are the critical factors to the success of the design of this system. Generally speaking, the technological development and construction of the whole railway ferry project is a process of system integration.Yantai-Dalian railway ferry project features the large-scale and complicated engineering condition, high technical requirements and great difference in engineering environment compared with Yue-Hai railway ferry. In order to complete the project in the limited time with the comparatively high quality, low cost and high efficiency, this research absorbs the conception of system integration to analyzing the integration mode of railway ferry engineering based on practical experience in railway ferry around the world. Then, the technology of design and construction for Yantai-Dalian railway ferry project are explored by using the integration theory and method proposed in this study.This paper mainly presents the following contents:1. The basic function, integration target and integration principle in railway ferry are systematically analyzed. This research puts forward the integration framework of railway ferry, including the division of core subsystems, the frame of physical network and logic network. Based on the analyses of the key technology and the interface problem of rail ferry integration, a system integration mode for railway ferry is presented, which explains the railway ferry integration from the two aspects:technology integration and operation management integration in detail. 2. Based on the analyses of the effects of each element on the rationality of railway ferry system, an evaluation index system on the rationality of railway ferry integration are established, and a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process model on the basis of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and analytic hierarchy process model are proposed. This model is of great benefit to making a scientific quantity analysis and assistant decision in the early stage of the project.3. The system integration of Yantai-Dalian railway ferry are realized by using the integration mode introduced above and the system rationality is evaluated. The design and key technology of the subsystem are introduced as well.4. A comprehensive evaluation of the integration of Yantai-Dalian railway ferry is carried out. First, the rationality of the integration of Yantai-Dalian railway is assessed. Second, the comprehensive capacity of transportation of Yantai-Dalian railway ferry is analyzed, and the measures to strengthen the capacity are put forward. Second, according to the characteristics of the track structures on the port, rail trestle and ferry boat in Yantai-Dalian railway ferry, a dynamic analysis model for the dynamic interaction analysis between the trains and structures is established. Third, the train’s running quality and the dynamic responses of the supporting structure are evaluated. At last, the process of practical debugging of the whole railway ferry system is introduced.The accomplishment of the system integration of Yantai-Dalian railway ferry shows that the integration mode of railway ferry proposed in this study is scientific and useful for relevant reference. The new technologies and design concepts proposed in Yantai-Dalian railway ferry can be widely used to railway ferry project and related fields of railway engineering.