4. Successful projects use a time-tested, proven project life cycle. We know what works. Models such as the standard ISD model and others described in this text can help ensure that professional standards and best practices are built into our project plans. Not only do these models typically support quality, they help to minimize rework. So when time or budget pressures seem to encourage taking short cuts, it’’s up to the project manager to identify and defend the best project life cycle for the job.

5. All project deliverables and all project activities must be visualized and communicated in vivid detail. In short, the project manager and project team must early on create a tangible picture of the finished deliverables in the minds of everyone involved so that all effort is focused in the same direction. Avoid vague descri ptions at all costs; spell it out, picture it, prototype it, and make sure everyone agrees to it.


6. Deliverables must evolve gradually, in successive approximations. It simply costs too much and risks too much time spent in rework to jump in with both feet and begin building all project deliverables. Build a little at a time, obtain incremental reviews and approvals, and maintain a controlled evolution.


7. Projects require clear approvals and sign-off by sponsors. Clear approval points, accompanied by formal sign-off by sponsors, SMEs, and other key stakeholders, should be demarcation points in the evolution of project deliverables. It’’s this simple: anyone who has the power to reject or to demand revision of deliverables after they are complete must be required to examine and approve them as they are being built.

8. Project success is correlated with thorough analyses of the need for project deliverables. Our research has shown that when a project results in deliverables that are designed to meet a thoroughly documented need, then there is a greater likelihood of project success. So managers should insist that there is a documented business need for the project before they agree to consume organizational resources in completing it.

9. Project managers must fight for time to do things right. In our work with project managers we often hear this complaint: "We always seem to have time to do the project over; I just wish we had taken the time to do it right in the first place!" Projects must have available enough time to "do it right the first time." And project managers must fight for this time by demonstrating to sponsors and top managers why it’’s necessary and how time spent will result in quality deliverables.

10. Project manager responsibility must be matched by equivalent authority. It’’s not enough to be held responsible for project outcomes; project managers must ask for and obtain enough authority to execute their responsibilities. Specifically, managers must have the authority to acquire and coordinate resources, request and receive SME cooperation, and make appropriate, binding decisions which have an impact on the success of the project.

11. Project sponsors and stakeholders must be active participants, not passive customers. Most project sponsors and stakeholders rightfully demand the authority to approve project deliverables, either wholly or in part. Along with this authority comes the responsibility to be an active participant in the early stages of the project (helping to define deliverables), to complete reviews of interim deliverables in a timely fashion (keeping the project moving), and to help expedite the project manager’’s access to SMEs, members of the target audience, and essential documentation.

12. Projects typically must be sold, and resold. There are times when the project manager must function as salesperson to maintain the commitment of stakeholders and sponsors. With project plans in hand, project managers may need to periodically remind people about the business need that is being met and that their contributions are essential to help meet this need.

13. Project managers should acquire the best people they can and then do whatever it takes to keep the garbage out of their way. By acquiring the best people -- the most skilled, the most experienced, the best qualified -- the project manager can often compensate for too little time or money or other project constraints. Project managers should serve as an advocate for these valuable team members, helping to protect them from outside interruptions and helping them acquire the tools and working conditions necessary to apply their talents.

14. Top management must actively set priorities. In today’’s leaner, self-managing organizations, it is not uncommon for project team members to be expected to play active roles on many project teams at the same time. Ultimately, there comes a time when resources are stretched to their limits and there are simply too many projects to be completed successfully. In response, some organizations have established a Project Office comprised of top managers from all departments to act as a clearinghouse for projects and project requests. The Project Office reviews the organization’’s overall mission and strategies, establishes criteria for project selection and funding, monitors resource workloads, and determines which projects are of high enough priority to be approved. In this way top management provides the leadership necessary to prevent multi-project log jams.

项目经理人必须要遵循的14个成功原则。

这篇文章是摘自MichaelGreer 的人的工作效率技术手册 "第六章:规划和管理人的工作效率技术的项目"旧金山Jossey-Bass、1999

1、项目经理必须关注项目成功的三个标准

简单地说，一是准时；二是预算控制在既定的范围内；三是质量得到经理和用户们的赞许。项目经理必须保证项目小组的每一位成员都能对照上面三个标准来进行工作。

2、任何事都应当先规划再执行

就项目管理而言，很多专家和实践人员都同意这样一个观点：需要项目经理投入的最重要的一件事就是规划。只有详细而系统的由项目小组成员参与的规划才是项目成功的唯一基础。当现实的世界出现了一种不适于计划生存的环境时，项目经理应制定一个新的计划来反映环境的变化。规划、规划、再规划就是项目经理的一种生活方式。

3、项目经理必须以自己的实际行动向项目小组成员传递一种紧迫感

由于项目在时间、资源和经费上都是有限的，项目最终必须完成。但项目小组成员大多有自己的爱好，项目经理应让项目小组成员始终关注项目的目标和截止期限。例如，可以定期检查，可以召开例会，可以制作一些提醒的标志置于项目的场所。

4、成功的项目应使用一种可以度量且被证实的项目生命周期

标准的信息系统开发模型可以保证专业标准和成功的经验能够融入项目计划。这类模型不仅可以保证质量，还可以使重复劳动降到最低程度。因此，当遇到时间和预算压力需要削减项目时，项目经理应确定一种最佳的项目生命周期。

5、所有项目目标和项目活动必须生动形象地得以交流和沟通

项目经理和项目小组在项目开始时就应当形象化地描述项目的最终目标，以确保与项目有关的每一个人都能记住。项目成本的各个细节都应当清楚、明确、毫不含糊，并确保每个人对此都达成了一致的意见。

6、采用渐进的方式逐步实现目标

如果试图同时完成所有的项目目标，只会造成重复劳动，既浪费时间又浪费钱。俗话说，一口吃不成个胖子。项目目标只能一点一点地去实现，并且每实现一个目标就进行一次评估，确保整个项目能得以控制。

7、项目应得到明确的许可，并由投资方签字实施

在实现项目目标的过程中获得明确的许可是非常重要的。应将投资方的签字批准视为项目的一个出发点。道理很简单：任何有权拒绝或有权修改项目目标的人都应当在项目启动时审查和批准这些项目目标。

8、要想获得项目成功必须对项目目标进行透彻的分析

研究表明，如果按照众所周知记录在案的业务需求来设计项目的目标，则该项目多半会成功。所以，项目经理应当坚持这样一个原则，即在组织机构启动项目之前，就应当为该项目在业务需求中找到充分的依据。

9. 项目经理必须要争取时间去把事情做好
在实际工作的过程中，我们总能听到项目经理的抱怨：“我们总是看起来有足够的时间去做完项目，不过我只是希望我们能够首先把重要的事情先做好。”项目经理必须要有足够的时间在项目的初期首先把重要的事情做好，并且抓紧时间向赞助商和上层经理证明花费这些时间是为了在保证质量的前提下按时交付项目。

10、项目经理应当责权对等

项目经理应当对项目的结果负责，这一点并不过分。但与此相对应，项目经理也应被授予足够的权利以承担相应的责任。在某些时候，权利显得特别重要，如获取或协调资源，要求得到有关的中小企业的配合，做相应的对项目成功有价值的决策等等。

11、项目投资方和用户应当主动介入，不能被动地坐享其成

多数项目投资方和用户都能正确地要求和行使批准（全部或部分）项目目标的权力。但伴随这个权力的是相应的责任——主动地介入项目的各个阶段。例如，在项目早期要帮助确定项目目标；在项目进行中，要对完成的阶段性目标进行评估，以确保项目能顺利进行。项目投资方应帮助项目经理去访问有关的中小企业和目标顾客的成员，并帮助项目经理获得必要的文件资料。

12、项目的实施应当采用市场运作机制

在多数情况下，项目经理应将自己看成是卖主，以督促自己完成投资方和用户交付的任务。项目计划一旦批准项目经理应当定期提醒项目小组成员该项目必须满足的业务需求是什么，以及该怎样工作才能满足这些业务需求。

13、项目经理应当获得项目小组成员的最佳人选

最佳人选是指受过相应的技能培训，有经验，素质高。对于项目来说，获得最佳人选往往能弥补时间、经费或其它方面的不足。项目经理应当为这些最佳的项目成员创造良好的工作环境，如帮助他们免受外部干扰，帮助他们获得必要的工具和条件以发挥他们的才能。

14．上层管理人员必须积极的设置为项目设置优先权

如今，在很多小型的精简机构里，做项目的组织成员经常要面对几个项目同时进行的情况。 最后，往往会出现项目资源已经达到了公司的极限然而还有很多项目有待成功完成的情形。为了解决这个问题，一些公司由各个部门的上层经理，为所有的项目和项目内的需求，组成建立了项目计划办公室，其实是担当起了一个票据交换所的角色。项目计划办公室将会分析组织所有的任务和策略，并制定标准为项目的选择，资源控制，工作量和评定哪个项目应当拥有优先执行的权利。这种情况下，上层管理为防止项目的堵塞提供了必要的指导。

谢谢楼主的分享,学到知识了.

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