原文剪辑
ACI 306R-88
This document has been approved for use by agen-
cies of the Department of Defense and for listing in
the DoD Index of Specifications and Standards. (Reapproved 2002)
Cold Weather Concreting
Reported by ACI Committee 306
Nicholas J. Carino, Chairman*
Derle Thorpe*
Fred A. Anderson* Gilbert J. Haddad Albert W. Knott
Valery Tokar*
Peter Antonich Don B. Hill William F. Perenchio
Harry H. Tormey
George R. U. Burg* Jules Houde John M. Scanlon*
Lewis H. Tuthill*
Oleh B. Ciuk David A. Hunt Michael L. Shydlowski*
Harold B. Wenzel
Douglas J. Haavik* Robert A. Kelsey Bruce A. Suprenant
The general requirements for producing satisfactory concrete during Chapter 3 - Temperature of concrete as mixed
cold weather are discussed, and methods for satisfying these require-
and placed and heating of materials, p. 306R-5
ments are described. One of the objectives of cold weather concret-
3.1 - Placement temperature
ing practice is to provide protection of the concrete at early ages to
3.2 - Mixing temperature
prevent damage from freezing. For many structural concretes, pro- 3.3 - Heating mixing water
tection considerably in excess of that required to prevent damage by
3.4 - Heating aggregates
early freezing is needed to assure development of adequate strength. 3.5 - Steam heating of aggregates
The following items are discussed in the report: recommended 3.6 - Overheating of aggregates
temperature of concrete, temperature records, temperature of mate- 3.7 - Calculation of mixture temperature
rials, preparations prior to placement, duration of protection period, 3.8 - Temperature loss during delivery
methods for determining in-place strength, form removal, protective
insulating covers, heated enclosures, curing methods, and accelerat-
Chapter 4 - Preparation before concreting, p.
ing admixtures. References are included that provide supplementary
306R-7
data on the effects of curing temperature on concrete strength.
4.1 - Temperature of surfaces in contact with fresh concrete
4.2 - Metallic embedments
Keywords: accelerating admixtures; age; aggregates; calcium chloride; cold
4.3 - Removal of snow and ice
weather; compressive strength; concrete construction; concretes; curing; dura-
4.4 - Condition of subgrade
bility; form removal; formwork (construction); freeze-thaw durability; heat-
ing; in-place testing; insulation; materials handling; protection; subgrade prep-
aration; temperature.
Chapter 5 - Protection against freezing and
protection for concrete not requiring
CONTENTS
construction supports, p. 306R-7
5.1 - Protection to prevent early-age freezing
5.2 - Need for additional protection
Chapter 1 - Introduction, p. 306R-1
5.3 - Length of protection period
1.1 - Definition of cold weather
5.4 - Stripping of forms
1.2 - Standard specification
5.5 - Temperature drop after removal of protection
1.3 - Objectives
5.6 - Allowable temperature differential
1.4 - Principles
1.5 - Economy
Chapter 6 - Protection for structural concrete
requiring construction supports, p. 306R-9
Chapter 2 - General requirements, p. 306R-3
6.1 - Introduction
2.1 - Planning
6.2 - Tests of field-cured specimens
2.2 - Protection during fall and spring
6.3 - In-place testing
2.3 - Concrete temperature
6.4 - Maturity method
2.4 - Temperature records
6.5 - Attainment of design strength
2.5 - Heated enclosures
6.6 - Increasing early strength
2.6 - Exposure to freezing and thawing
6.7 - Cooling of concrete
2.7 - Concrete slump
6.8 - Estimating strength development
6.9 - Removal of forms and supports
6.10 - Requirements

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