装配式内装修的技术基础

序

装配式内装修的发展离不开现代科技的支持。

The development of prefabricated interior decoration cannot be separated from the support of modern technology.

随着近40年以来的技术进步，现代化的生产装备，软硬件技术，包括CAD设计、CAM加工、CNC机床加工、自动化生产线等的成熟应用，使得各行业生产效率和质量得到了极大地提升。

With the technological progress in the past 40 years, the mature application of modern production equipment, software and hardware technology, including CAD design, CAM processing, CNC machine tool processing, automatic production line, etc., has greatly improved the production efficiency and quality of various industries.

在材料方面，内装可以采用的材料也有了很大的变化。更多的替代传统装饰材料的新型建材，如轻钢、新材料板材，工业制成的注塑件等材料越来越多与成熟。

In terms of materials, the materials that can be used for interior decoration have also changed a lot. More and more new building materials replacing traditional decorative materials, such as light steel, new material plates, industrial injection molding parts and other materials are becoming more and more mature.

这些材料具有轻便、强度高、加工性能好等特点，可以满足现代人对居住环境的高要求，同时也可以减轻建筑物自重，提高建筑物的抗震性能。

These materials have the characteristics of portability, high strength and good processing performance, which can meet the high requirements of modern people for living environment, reduce the dead weight of buildings and improve the seismic performance of buildings.

装配式内装修是基于制造装备，新型工业材料的成熟基础上的应用型技术创新，具体表现在SI分离技术、模块化产品、装配化施工技术。

Assembled interior decoration is an applied technology innovation based on the maturity of manufacturing equipment and new industrial materials, which is embodied in SI separation technology, modular products, and assembly construction technology.

1.SI分离技术

SI分离技术是一种新兴的建筑设计和施工技术，其核心理念是将建筑的承重结构骨架（Skeleton）与内部空间（Infill）相分离，以实现更加灵活和自由的建筑设计和施工。在这种技术下，建筑的主体结构和内部空间不再是不可分割的整体，而是可以各自独立设计，建造的两个部分。

SI separation technology is a new architectural design and construction technology. Its core idea is to separate the load-bearing structural skeleton (Skeleton) from the internal space (Infill) of the building to achieve more flexible and free architectural design and construction. Under this technology, the main structure and internal space of the building are no longer inseparable, but two parts that can be designed and built independently.

SI分离技术的优势在于，它使建筑设计更加灵活和自由。

The advantage of SI separation technology is that it makes architectural design more flexible and free.

传统的建筑设计往往受到承重结构的限制，很难实现复杂的内部空间布局和外观设计。而SI分离技术可以将内部空间与承重结构分开考虑，而SI分离技术将骨架和内部空间的建造分开进行，是装配装修的前提。

Traditional architectural design is often limited by the load-bearing structure, and it is difficult to achieve complex internal space layout and appearance design. The SI separation technology can separate the internal space from the load-bearing structure, while the SI separation technology separates the construction of the skeleton and the internal space, which is the premise of assembly and decoration.

2.模块化产品

传统装修往往只是一个复杂的集成服务，它通过材料、设计、施工等手段来整合建筑空间。

Traditional decoration is often just a complex integrated service, which integrates building space through materials, design, construction and other means.

由于每个建筑空间都有其独特的特点和需求，装修往往是一项定制性很强的工作，因此难以实现标准化、工业化。

Because each building space has its unique characteristics and needs, decoration is often a highly customized work, so it is difficult to achieve standardization and industrialization.

在SI体系之上，结合应用场景需求，通过研发设计，将内装空空间划分成标准化的模块单元，可以是独立空间的模块单元，比如整体卫浴，整体厨房，整体酒店客房，也可以是部品模块，比如集成吊顶，集成墙面，集成收纳等。通过这些模块单元的组合和搭配，实现建筑空间的灵活设计和快速建造。

Based on the SI system, combined with the requirements of application scenarios, through research and development design, the interior space is divided into standardized module units, which can be independent space module units, such as the overall bathroom, the overall kitchen, the overall hotel room, or component modules, such as integrated ceiling, integrated wall, integrated storage, etc. Through the combination and collocation of these modular units, the flexible design and rapid construction of the building space can be realized.

模块化能够实现非标内装空间的标准建造化。由于每个模块单元都是按照标准尺寸和规格进行设计和制造的，因此可以实现不同空间之间的互换和组合。

Modularization can realize the standard construction of non-standard interior space. Because each module unit is designed and manufactured according to the standard size and specification, it can realize the exchange and combination between different spaces.

这种标准化的设计方式能够大幅度减少装修过程中的浪费，提高材料的利用率，并减少装修周期。

This standardized design method can greatly reduce the waste in the decoration process, improve the utilization rate of materials, and reduce the decoration cycle.

其次，模块化还能够实现装修的工业化。由于每个模块单元都是在工厂中制造的，因此可以采用现代化的流水线生产方式来进行制造和加工。

Secondly, modularization can also realize the industrialization of decoration. Because each module unit is manufactured in the factory, it can be manufactured and processed using modern assembly line production methods.

这种工业化的生产方式不仅能够提高生产效率，还能够大幅度降低成本，并且保证了产品的一致性和质量。

This industrialized production mode can not only improve production efficiency, but also greatly reduce costs, and ensure the consistency and quality of products.

最后，模块化还能够实现装修的快速安装。由于每个模块单元都是预先制造好的，并且按照标准尺寸和规格进行设计和制造，因此可以大幅度缩短现场安装的时间。

Finally, modularization can also achieve rapid installation of decoration. Because each module unit is pre-manufactured and designed and manufactured according to the standard size and specification, the time of on-site installation can be greatly shortened.

这不仅可以降低现场施工的难度，还能够提高工程的质量和效率。

This can not only reduce the difficulty of on-site construction, but also improve the quality and efficiency of the project.

3.装配化施工

在SI体系与模块化产品技术基础上，装修施工的方式自然就演化为了装配化施工，装配化施工首先是全干法作业，脱离了对油漆工，泥瓦工地依赖，仅通过安装工与水电工就可以完成装修施工，并且是利用标准工序、标准工法、标准工具等方式进行装修施工的方法。从而实现施工周期的缩短。以品宅装饰科技的实践案例来看，装修时间能够大幅缩短30至50%。

On the basis of SI system and modular product technology, the way of decoration construction naturally evolves into assembly construction. The assembly construction is first of all full dry operation, which is independent of the dependence on painters and clay tile sites. Only installers and water and electricity workers can complete the decoration construction, and it is a method of using standard processes, standard methods, standard tools and other methods to carry out the decoration construction. So as to shorten the construction period. From the practical case of home decoration technology, the decoration time can be significantly reduced by 30 to 50%.

传统的装修施工方式往往需要在施工现场进行大量的加工和制作工作，这些工作都需要消耗大量的时间和人力。而装配化装修施工技术则是将装修材料和构件在工厂中进行预制和加工，只需要在现场进行拼装和安装，大大缩短了施工周期。

The traditional decoration construction method often requires a large amount of processing and manufacturing work on the construction site, which requires a lot of time and manpower. The assembly decoration construction technology is to prefabricate and process the decoration materials and components in the factory, and only need to assemble and install them on the site, greatly shortening the construction period.

其次，装配化装修施工技术可以提高施工质量。传统装修方式所有施工作业均在现场完成，而装配式装修将原本的施工作业拆分为工厂部品生产+现场安装两部分，相比传统方式，装配式装修“重工厂、轻现场”。

Secondly, the assembly decoration construction technology can improve the construction quality. In the traditional decoration method, all construction operations are completed on the site, while the prefabricated decoration divides the original construction operation into two parts: factory component production and on-site installation. Compared with the traditional method, the prefabricated decoration is "heavy factory, light site".

由于装配化装修施工技术采用标准化的工艺和工具，可以减少人为因素对于施工质量的影响，从而保证施工质量的稳定性和可靠性。

As the assembly decoration construction technology adopts standardized processes and tools, it can reduce the impact of human factors on the construction quality, thus ensuring the stability and reliability of the construction quality.

装配化装修施工技术可以降低施工成本。传统的装修施工方式往往需要在现场购买和制作大量的材料和构件，这些材料和构件的成本和运输成本往往非常高昂。

Assembled decoration construction technology can reduce construction costs. The traditional decoration construction method often needs to purchase and produce a large number of materials and components on the site, and the cost and transportation cost of these materials and components are often very high.

而装配化装修施工技术则是将在工厂中进行批量加工和制造的模块产品在现场进行组装安装，可以大幅度降低材料和构件的成本，同时减少了材料和构件的运输成本。

The assembly decoration construction technology is to assemble and install the module products processed and manufactured in batches in the factory on the site, which can greatly reduce the cost of materials and components and reduce the transportation cost of materials and components.

最后，装配化装修施工技术可以提高施工效率。由于装配化装修施工技术采用标准化的工艺和工具，可以大幅度提高施工效率，减少施工人员的数量，降低施工的难度和风险。

Finally, the assembly decoration construction technology can improve the construction efficiency. As the assembly decoration construction technology adopts standardized processes and tools, it can greatly improve the construction efficiency, reduce the number of construction personnel, and reduce the difficulty and risk of construction.

装配式内装的“技术三洽”

1.自洽

装配式内装修是将内装空间通过模块模组进行组合实现，所以要所有模块组合起来，从效果一致性，空间六面以及各门窗洞口造型部位实现精度、质量、性能的稳定性与一致性。这需要所有部品材料要形成自洽的体系。

Assembled interior decoration is the combination of interior decoration space through module modules. Therefore, all modules should be combined to achieve the stability and consistency of accuracy, quality and performance from the perspective of effect consistency, the six sides of space and the molding parts of door and window openings. This requires all component materials to form a self-consistent system.

2.他洽

除了自洽，在技术上还需要考虑的是内装件还需要能够与各类建筑结构友好衔接，无论是钢结构、混凝土结构，砖混结构，还是木结构，无论是新建建筑还是旧改建筑，都可以实现完美连接对接。

In addition to self-consistency, what needs to be considered technically is that the interior fittings also need to be able to connect with all kinds of building structures in a friendly way, whether it is steel structure, concrete structure, brick-concrete structure, or wood structure, whether it is a new building or an old building, can achieve perfect connection and docking.

同时，内装件与建筑结构的耦合方式也更加灵活，可根据建筑结构特点进行调整，笔者将这个要点称之为他洽。

At the same time, the coupling mode between the interior fittings and the building structure is also more flexible, which can be adjusted according to the characteristics of the building structure. The author calls this key point "He Jia".

3.续洽

内装空间使用寿命会大幅短于建筑主体，因此装配式内装修内装件需要建立满足便利调整的可持续性以及维修更新的可拆卸性。

The service life of the interior decoration space will be significantly shorter than that of the main body of the building, so the prefabricated interior decoration components need to establish sustainability that meets the convenience of adjustment, as well as the maintainability of maintenance and update.

因此，产品技术体系需要考虑内装件的一次便捷或者安装，使用期间的便捷调整与更新和维护，以及使用结束的二次利用和回收。笔者将这个特征称之为续洽。

Therefore, the product technical system needs to consider the primary convenience or installation of internal parts, the convenient adjustment, update and maintenance during use, and the secondary utilization and recycling after use. The author calls this feature continuous contact.

所以产品与技术上述的三洽是装配式内装修产品技术的核心要点，只有实现了上述三洽的装配式内装修企业，才是具有竞争力的有核心价值的企业。

Therefore, the above three harmonies between products and technology are the core points of assembled interior decoration product technology. Only assembled interior decoration enterprises that achieve the above three harmonies are competitive and have core value.

装配式内装的“产品三化”

1.标准化

可复制、可规模化的装配式内装修的构件是通过工业化生产方式批量生产的，这意味着它们具有标准化和批量化的特点。

The components of the assembly type interior decoration that can be copied and scaled are produced in batches through industrial production, which means that they have the characteristics of standardization and batch production.

相比传统建筑装修中的手工制造，工业化生产可以大幅提高构件生产的质量和效率，从而降低了成本。

Compared with manual manufacturing in traditional building decoration, industrial production can greatly improve the quality and efficiency of component production, thus reducing the cost.

相比定制化部件的装配式内装修更具有产品化的复制性，与定制化的装配式部件相比，标准化的工业化生产方式，通过先进的生产设备和生产工艺，实现高效、规模化、标准化的生产，以达到降低成本、提高质量、增强竞争力的目的在传统装修中，由于装修构件的制造主要依赖于现场加工，因此往往需要大量的人工和时间，而且很难保证每一件构件的质量和尺寸精度。

Compared with customized parts, the prefabricated interior decoration is more product-oriented and reproducible. Compared with customized prefabricated parts, the standardized industrial production mode realizes efficient, large-scale and standardized production through advanced production equipment and production technology to achieve the purpose of reducing costs, improving quality and enhancing competitiveness. In traditional decoration, the manufacturing of decoration components mainly depends on on-site processing, Therefore, it often requires a lot of labor and time, and it is difficult to ensure the quality and dimensional accuracy of each component.

而采用工业化生产方式，装修构件的生产可以在工厂内完成，通过机械化和自动化生产线，实现构件的快速、高效制造，从而提高了装修构件的质量和尺寸精度，并且降低了生产成本。

By adopting industrial production mode, the production of decoration components can be completed in the factory. Through mechanized and automated production lines, the rapid and efficient manufacturing of components can be realized, thus improving the quality and dimensional accuracy of decoration components, and reducing production costs.

2.模组化

装配式内装修的构件通常是模块化设计的，也就是说它们可以按照预先设计的模块进行组装。

The components of prefabricated interior decoration are usually modular, that is, they can be assembled according to the pre-designed modules.

这种模块化设计不仅可以提高施工效率和质量，还可以实现可拆卸和可重组的特性，方便后期维护和升级。

This modular design can not only improve the construction efficiency and quality, but also achieve the characteristics of disassembly and reassembly, which is convenient for later maintenance and upgrading.

模组化是指将装修构件按照模块化的设计理念进行生产和组装，以实现高度标准化和可重复使用性，从而提高装修的生产效率和质量。

Modular refers to the production and assembly of decoration components according to the modular design concept to achieve high standardization and reusability, thus improving the production efficiency and quality of decoration.

在传统装修中，由于每个房屋的尺寸、形状、结构等都是不同的，因此需要对每个房屋进行个性化设计和制造，这导致装修成本高、效率低、质量难以保证。

In the traditional decoration, because the size, shape and structure of each house are different, it is necessary to carry out personalized design and manufacturing for each house, which leads to high decoration cost, low efficiency and difficult to guarantee the quality.

而采用模组化的设计理念，可以将构件按照一定的规格进行设计和生产，从而实现装修构件的标准化、通用化和可重复使用性。

The modular design concept can be used to design and produce components according to certain specifications, so as to achieve standardization, generalization and reusability of decoration components.

模组化的设计理念还可以实现装修构件的快速拼接和拆卸，从而提高了装修的生产效率。此外，由于模组化设计可以将构件进行标准化和统一管理，因此可以大大提高装修的质量和可靠性。通过模组化最终可实现内装空间产品化的。

The modular design concept can also realize the rapid splicing and disassembly of decoration components, thus improving the production efficiency of decoration. In addition, modular design can greatly improve the quality and reliability of decoration because it can standardize and uniformly manage components. The product of interior space can be realized through modularization.

3.数字化

数字化产品与是装配式内装修模块产品相结合，从而可以实现装配式内装修产品模块化，服务数字化。

The combination of digital products and prefabricated interior decoration module products can realize the modular of prefabricated interior decoration products and digitalization of services.

通过数字化技术的应用，可以大大提高建筑装修的生产效率和质量，提高装修产品的灵活性和可持续性。

The application of digital technology can greatly improve the production efficiency and quality of building decoration, and improve the flexibility and sustainability of decoration products.

数字化的建筑装修过程中，各个环节都会涉及数字化技术的应用，其中包括：BIM技术、VR技术和AR技术。

In the process of digital building decoration, all links will involve the application of digital technology, including BIM technology, VR technology and AR technology.

BIM技术是数字化建筑装修的核心技术之一。BIM可以将建筑装修过程中的设计、施工、运营等各个环节，通过三维建模和全信息管理的方式，实现可视化，一键出图，一键出清单，并可以与设计师、施工人员、供应商，工厂，业主等各个参与方更好地协同工作，实现一站式、产品化、所见即所得、全产业链协同，提高装修的质量和效率。

BIM technology is one of the core technologies of digital building decoration. BIM can realize the visualization of design, construction, operation and other links in the process of building decoration through 3D modeling and full information management. It can also work better with designers, construction personnel, suppliers, factories, owners and other participants to achieve one-stop, productization, WYSIWYG, and whole-industry chain collaboration, and improve the quality and efficiency of decoration.

VR技术：VR技术是一种虚拟现实技术，可以将建筑装修的设计、施工、验收等各个环节，通过虚拟现实技术呈现出来，帮助设计师、施工人员、业主等参与方更好地理解和协作。

VR technology: VR technology is a virtual reality technology, which can present the design, construction, acceptance and other aspects of building decoration through virtual reality technology to help designers, construction personnel, owners and other participants better understand and cooperate.

通过VR技术，建筑师可以更直观地了解设计效果，施工人员可以更清晰地了解施工过程，业主可以更好地了解装修成果。

Through VR technology, architects can more intuitively understand the design effect, constructors can more clearly understand the construction process, and owners can better understand the decoration results.

AR技术：AR技术是一种增强现实技术，可以将数字信息叠加在真实世界中，从而帮助建筑师、施工人员、业主等参与方更好地理解和协作。

AR technology: AR technology is an augmented reality technology that can superimpose digital information in the real world to help architects, construction personnel, owners and other participants better understand and cooperate.

通过AR技术，设计师可以在现场实时调整设计，施工人员可以更直观地了解施工过程，业主可以更好地了解装修成果。

Through AR technology, the designer can adjust the design in real time on the site, the construction personnel can understand the construction process more intuitively, and the owner can better understand the decoration results.

数字化技术的应用，可以大大提高建筑装修的效率和质量，帮助建筑师、施工人员、业主等参与方更好地协同工作，降低误差和冲突，提高装修产品的灵活性和可持续性。

The application of digital technology can greatly improve the efficiency and quality of building decoration, help architects, constructors, owners and other participants work better together, reduce errors and conflicts, and improve the flexibility and sustainability of decoration products.

通过数字化技术的应用，装配式内装修行业可以更好地适应市场需求，提高装修产品的质量和竞争力。

Through the application of digital technology, the fabricated interior decoration industry can better adapt to market demand and improve the quality and competitiveness of decoration products.

以装修式内装为主要发展方向的一批新兴企业已经在行业里崭露头脚，建立了完整的能力体系，也创新地建立产品型供应链的运营模式，与装修公司在产品供应上形成上下游合作关系，由装配式企业提供解决方案、产品和技术指导，由装修工程公司负责接单、交付和维保。

A number of emerging enterprises with decoration interior decoration as the main development direction have emerged in the industry, established a complete capacity system, and innovatively established the operation mode of product-based supply chain. They have formed upstream and downstream cooperation with decoration companies in product supply. Assembled enterprises provide solutions, products and technical guidance, and decoration engineering companies are responsible for receiving orders, delivery and maintenance.

从而使得装配式内装修企业成为一家产品型企业，并将核心聚焦在产品技术研发、产品生产制造与标准交付服务能力体系建立上，将落地交付、大批量复制通过输出能力广泛合作进行规模发展。

Thus, the assembly-type interior decoration enterprise will become a product-oriented enterprise, and will focus on the establishment of product technology research and development, product manufacturing and standard delivery service capability system, and the large-scale development of landing delivery and mass replication through extensive cooperation in output capacity.

装配式内装修发展到今天，已经走出了行业标准缺乏、工艺有待完善、商业模式不成熟、消费认知度低的早期阶段，相信对着产业链不断完善升级，市场成熟度越来越高，行业的发展速度会越来越快。

The development of prefabricated interior decoration has come out of the early stage of lack of industry standards, process to be improved, immature business model, and low consumer awareness. I believe that the industry will develop faster and faster as the industry chain continues to improve and upgrade.

装配式内装修带来的生产线到建筑现场连接革命也已经掀开帷幕。

The revolution of connecting the production line to the construction site brought by the prefabricated interior decoration has also opened