医院建筑：“冰山”式建筑外立面，柔和弯曲的幕墙

在设计米兰圣拉斐尔医院的新扩建项目时，Mario Cucinella Architects想要创建一座高效的建筑，欢迎患者并激发平静。为了实现这一目标，该团队优先考虑自然光，最大限度地保护隐私，并将设施包裹在一个柔和弯曲的幕墙系统中，该系统带有陶瓷翅片，旨在锁住热量。 When designing a new extension to Milan‘s San Raffaele Hospital, Mario Cucinella Architects wanted to create a highly efficient building that welcomes patients and inspires calm. To achieve this, the team prioritized natural light, maximized privacy, and wrapped the facility in a gently curved curtain wall system with ceramic fins designed to lock in heat.

在设计米兰圣拉斐尔医院的新扩建项目时，Mario Cucinella Architects想要创建一座高效的建筑，欢迎患者并激发平静。为了实现这一目标，该团队优先考虑自然光，最大限度地保护隐私，并将设施包裹在一个柔和弯曲的幕墙系统中，该系统带有陶瓷翅片，旨在锁住热量。

When designing a new extension to Milan‘s San Raffaele Hospital, Mario Cucinella Architects wanted to create a highly efficient building that welcomes patients and inspires calm. To achieve this, the team prioritized natural light, maximized privacy, and wrapped the facility in a gently curved curtain wall system with ceramic fins designed to lock in heat.

意大利建筑师在 2015 年首次赢得了设计新外科和急诊科的竞赛。完成的设施与米兰市中心边缘现有的、国际公认的大学医院和科学研究所相连。现有的结构可以追溯到 1970 年代和 1980 年代，并且在其架构中范围很大。因此，简要的部分内容是为这个密集的建筑场地创造一个更加连贯的城市领域。

The Italian architects first won the competition to design the new Surgical and Emergency Department back in 2015. The completed facility joins the existing—and internationally recognized—university hospital and scientific institute on the edge of Milan’s city center. The existing structures date from the 1970s and 1980s and range greatly in their architecture. Part of the brief was therefore to create a more coherent urban realm for this densely built-up site.

该建筑有一个简单的，几乎是矩形的平面图。底层的一楼是意大利最大的急诊室，位于一个用土色瓷砖覆盖的讲台式底座内。这个占地 40,000 平方米的大型项目还包括一个手术区，地下有 20 个手术室，其中包括两个最新一代的神经外科手术室。

接待访客的专用房间和访客和门诊病人的接待区位于所有地面层和建筑物的角落内，提供自然光和城市景观。新医院还设有屋顶花园，将患者与自然联系起来。

The building has a simple, almost rectangular floor plan. The first floor at ground level houses Italy’s largest emergency room inside a podium-like base clad in earthen colored tiles. The massive 40,000 sqm program also includes a surgical block with 20 operating theaters below ground level, including two of the latest generation neurosurgery units. Dedicated rooms for receiving visitors and reception areas for visitors and outpatients are located on all the above ground levels and within the building’s corners, affording natural light and views of the city. The new hospital is also topped with a roof garden to connect patients to nature.

在组织广泛的方案时，建筑师仔细考虑了平面图，以尽量减少到达重要关键设施的时间。另一个重要的考虑是最大限度地提高内部站点的线路，以便医院工作人员能够更容易地监测病人的需求。

When organizing the extensive program, the architects carefully considered the floor plan to minimize the time it takes to reach vital critical facilities. Another important consideration was to maximize internal site lines so hospital staff can more easily monitor patients’ needs.

为了提高病人和员工的健康水平，Mario Cucinella建筑事务所尽可能地将自然光引入建筑。阳光被百叶窗式的立面处理所散射，以减少热量的摄入。陶瓷百叶窗的深度根据太阳的路径而变化。陶瓷还被特别设计用来分解烟雾颗粒和保存热量，从而减少60%的能源消耗。此外，约60%的立面是由不透明的绝缘板组成的，改善了建筑围护结构的能源性能。

To boost both patient and staff wellbeing, Mario Cucinella Architects introduced natural light into the building wherever possible. The sunlight is then diffused by the louvred elevational treatment to mitigate heat gain. The ceramic louvers vary in depth in response to the path of the sun. The ceramic has also been specially conceived to disintegrate smog particles and preserve heat, cutting energy consumption by 60%. Additionally, some 60% of the elevations are made up of opaque insulation panels that improve the energy performance of the building’s envelope.

该团队表示，已建成的医院被赋予了 "冰山 "的绰号，部分原因是其柔和的曲线形式，似乎在其密集的城市场地中压缩和扩展。Mario Cucinella说："我们工作的目的很明确，就是要创造一个精心设计的建筑，大大改善舒适度。

一座建筑只需要很少的能量来取暖，保留热量，并产生很少的热增益，需要很少的冷却。圣拉斐尔的新外科和急诊部无疑是最能说明该工作室对可持续发展承诺的项目之一。它的标志性外墙是一个明显的象征'。

The team say that the completed hospital has been given the nickname ‘Iceberg’, in part to its gently curved form, which seems to compress and expand into its dense urban site. Mario Cucinella says, ‘We worked with the clear intention of creating a well-designed building that would greatly improve comfort. A building that needed very little energy for heating, retaining heat, and generating little thermal gain required very little cooling. San Raffaele’s new Surgical and Emergency Department is certainly one of the projects that best illustrates the studio’s commitment to sustainability. Its iconic fa?ade is a clear symbol of this.’

区位图

立面图

剖面图

建筑师：Mario Cucinella

地点：意大利米兰

面积：40,000 平方米

年份：2021