Sequencing Batch Reactor plant
　　Kinneil Kerse treatment works is situated at Grangemouth on the Forth Estuary



It overlooks the BP oil refinery



　　Treatment is by Sequencing Batch Reactor: after initial screening, both liquid and solid waste is treated in a single large tank.




　Diagram of the sequence of operations in a SBR



　　It is aerated for a certain period, then the aeration is turned off and solids settle out.

　Treated effluent is removed from the top of the tank by a floating boom and discharged

Overview of the works: the SBR tank on the right is emptying



　　Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBR)
　　SBRs are fill and draw activated sludge treatment systems for capacities from 10,000-20,000 GPD. Sequencing Batch Reactor Systems utilize two of more fill-and-draw reactors which are completely mixed. Almost all SBR systems operate in a five-step mode: filling of the reactor basin, a reaction phase,a settling phase, a decant phase, and an idle phase. The reaction phase is usually a combination of aerobic and anoxic phases to achieve high levels of BOD and nitrogen removal.In certain circumstances, the reaction sequence can be modified for phosphorous removal. WSI designs SBR systems that are mechanically robust and completely automated. If required, systems can be configured with sludge dewatering of digestion basins. In special applications, WSI can provide equalization basins to ensure proper sequencing of the SBR system.