挪威S方体别墅设计方案

© Bent René Synnevåg

卑尔根建筑师托德•桑德斯自行设计了一座住宅，就像是挪威树林里荡起的交响乐。这是他的最新项目，在卑尔根枝繁叶茂的郊区为自己家庭设计的别墅。别墅由三个木质包层单元组成，一个垂直的，两个水平的 —— 但是将它描述成严格功能性的组合体准确得多。桑德斯描述说：“它像三个长方体体块，堆叠在彼此之上。”延伸部分保持着类似的构造方式。

From the architect. Bergen-based architect Todd Saunders’ self-designed home is a soaring symphony in Norwegian wood. Describing his latest project, a house for his own family in a leafy suburb of Bergen, Todd Saunders says, ‘It’s like three sticks, stacked on top of each other.’ At a stretch, the analogy holds – the house is composed of three wood-clad elements, one vertical, two horizontal – but it’s far more accurate to describe it as a strictly functional composition.

© Bent René Synnevåg

© Bent René Synnevåg

垂直堆叠体量包括楼梯和活动空间，被巨大的水平横梁一分为二，形成了别墅的核心，垂直堆叠体量中心有厨房，一端是宽敞的生活区，与主体结构成直角。虽然一眼就能看懂该别墅的布局结构，但是它远非看上去那么简单。300平方米的平面布置处处都有空间技巧、大露台、隐藏的排列以及对细节的关注，只有建筑师能设计出这样巧妙的私人空间。

A vertical stack containing stairs and circulation is bisected by a vast horizontal beam that forms the core of the house, with the kitchen at its heart and one end supported by a generous utility area set at right angles to the main structure. Although it takes a single glance to understand the arrangement, the house is more complex than it first appears. Throughout the 300 sq m floorplan, there are spatial tricks, large terraces, hidden alignments and the kind of attention to detail that only an architect could bestow on his own personal space.

© Bent René Synnevåg

别墅在卑尔根市中心以南的Tveiterås 花园城现代别墅群中。这里曾经是乡下农场，当地建筑先驱Leif Grung在二十世纪30年代早期对郊区进行了改建。Grung雅致的实用主义在这里很好地经受了考验，这块完美保留下来的土地有葱翠的植物和延伸至远处的风景，创建了一块儿平静的绿洲。

The house is set among a thicket of modern villas in Tveiterås Garden City, south of Bergen city centre. Once the site of a rural farm, the suburb was laid out by pioneering local architect Leif Grung in the early 1930s. Grung’s elegant functionalism has weathered well, and the immaculately maintained plots, with their verdant planting and far-reaching views, create an oasis of calm.

First Floor Plan/一层平面图

© Bent René Synnevåg

© Bent René Synnevåg

该别墅首先进入视线的是有着陡坡的窄长车道，从车道能够瞥见条形窗户、屋顶平台和百叶窗遮闭的Grung复古立面。在这里，桑德斯能向邻居点头致意，同时也能高声交谈。别墅用着色黑木包裹，显得很庄严，三层的“塔”和调节横梁装有玻璃，能反射天空和树木。你也能看到建筑下方和另一边的大块土地，多亏了长长的悬臂，让别墅看起来好像正好落在地上。所有建筑成果证明房屋只能被“搁置”在地基上的观念是错误的，特别是在桑德斯和他的家庭已经住过一年之后，每天有人来参观。

The first view of the new house is up a steep, narrow driveway, from which one gets tantalising glimpses of the ribbon windows, flat roofs and shuttered facades of the vintage Grungs. Saunders nods to the neighbours while also making a strong statement. Clad in stained black wood, the house has imposing presence, with the glazing in the three-storey ‘tower’ and accommodation beam reflecting the sky and trees. You also catch a chunk of the site beneath and beyond the structure, thanks to the long cantilever, making the house appear as if it’s just landed on the site. The effort of any build belies the idea that a house can just be ‘set down’ on its plot, especially after Saunders and his family had spent a year living down the road, visiting daily. But now it’s finished, the illusion is a tantalising one.

© Bent René Synnevåg

© Bent René Synnevåg

该别墅是东西向坐落，就像在这里已经有80年之久了，感觉完全融入场地。这块地是Grung的总体规划中最后保留的地块，它最初被指定为一个公园，但被废弃了，布满了植被。经过清除和平整，一些重要的树木被保留下来，新别墅对着斜坡坐落在略微下沉的地方。难以置信的是，设计上的唯一限制是它必须低于9米，尽管桑德斯和他的妻子向14位邻居提出建议解除限制，没有人反对。钢质和木质框架被早先的房子掩盖，精密斜接接头由为桑德斯的长期服务的、技艺精湛的木匠来塑造。

Set on an east-west alignment, just like its 80-year- old neighbours, the new house feels utterly integrated into the site. The last remaining plot in Grung’s masterplan, the land was originally designated as a communal park but had been abandoned to vegetation. Cleared and levelled, with a few key trees preserved, the new house nestles in a slight dip against a slope. Incredibly, the only restriction on the design was that it had to be less than 9m high, although Saunders and his wife had to present their proposals to 14 neighbours. None objected. The steel and wood frame is covered earlier houses, with delicately mitred joints shaped by Saunders’ long-serving and highly skilled carpenter.

Second Floor Plan/二层平面图

“形状设计很明智，不过它不是我所建造的房子里最壮观的，”桑德斯说：“但是这个环境下它是最有趣的。”也就是说，别墅坚固而优雅。带顶的露台和门廊大量存在，“就像雨伞保护你免受雨淋。”卑尔根断定这里很潮湿，一年250天都在下雨，虽然我们访问的时候阳光灿烂。被抬高的生活空间体现出超现实主义，能从其中的大窗户欣赏远处的海港城和陡峭的岩石山坡。桑德斯说：“它完全是直线的。这里的别墅不炫耀，它一定是个好邻居 —— 根据规模和材质感觉是这样的。”

‘Form-wise, it’s not the most spectacular house I’ve done,’ says Saunders, ‘but it’s the most interesting thing for this climate.’ That is to say, the house is robust but graceful. Covered terraces, and porches abound. ‘It’s like an umbrella – it protects you from the rain.’ Bergen is certainly damp – it rains 250 days a year – although our visit takes place in sparkling sunshine, lending Technicolor surrealism to the elevated living spaces, their huge windows framing views of both the distant harbour city and the steep, rocky hillside. ‘It’s quite rectilinear,’ says Saunders. ‘The houses here are not showing off and it had to be a good neighbour – it was what felt right in terms of scale and materiality.’

© Bent René Synnevåg

桑德斯正变得越来越知名。这位加拿大人已经在卑尔根生活了18年，尽管他75%的工作在市区范围外，他显然乐在其中。桑德斯已经因为其工作而在挪威知名，在福戈岛上设计的展馆和酒店巩固了他的声誉。他创造的几何形体漂浮在崎岖的纽芬兰海岸，引起全球爱好建筑的观众不约而同点击查看。

Saunders’ modesty is disarming. The Canadian has lived in Bergen for 18 years, and although 75 per cent of his work takes place outside the city limits, he is clearly fond of it. Already known for his work in Norway, the architect’s pavilions and hotel for Fogo Island cemented his reputation. His geometric forms adrift on the rugged Newfoundland coast created irresistible clickbait for an architecture-hungry global audience.

© Bent René Synnevåg

谈到自己的别墅，他说：“这里几乎没有我们永远用不上的东西。我把它作为自己的住所来建造，它让我们的生活非常美好。”车库空间被提升成两层高度，一条遮盖起来的走廊通向前门。门廊、生活区和游戏室占据一楼，楼梯朝向开阔的主要空间。令人印象深刻的是35米长的生活区，宽敞的Dinesen地板（其中一些完整的有14米宽），还有一个9米的巨大厨房台面。除了厨房，其余房间不太大，主卧套房朝西，两个女儿的卧室在房屋中心，客厅朝东。露台部分遮盖，有两个朝向，早晚使用都很适合。

Of his own house, he says, ‘There’s not much here we’ll never use. I approached it as a home for my family, to make our life really good.’ The raised level doubles as a carport below, and a covered walkway leads to the front door. A porch, utility area and playroom take up the ground floor, with stairs heading to the main space, where the house opens up. The dimensions are impressive – a 35m-long living area, with wide Dinesen floorboards underfoot (some of which run an unbroken 14m), as well as a mighty 9m kitchen counter. Aside from the kitchen, the rooms are modest, with a master suite to the west, two bedrooms for his daughters at the centre of the house, and a living room to the east. The terraces are partly covered, and the twin orientations make them perfect for morning or evening use.

© Bent René Synnevåg

© Bent René Synnevåg

家具和设备已经选定与瑞典艺术家Hannes Wingate合作，他毕业于中央圣马丁学院，花了几年时间管理芝加哥Jeanne Gang事务所的室内设计部。“托德的建筑风格与起源或方言有联系，既在它的形状和物质性方面，也在与地基的联系方面，” Wingate说，“他是清爽严肃的。”一开始，这位艺术家就使用了一些他的收藏品，包括外国沙发床、古老的丹麦餐具柜、Roll & Hill照明器具以及Søren Rose厨房台面凳，同时用手工制作的旧金山瓷砖装饰三个浴室。定制的楼梯有开放的踏板，保留沿着别墅的视野，通过楼梯继续上到顶楼，那里有书房和另外两个露台。桑德斯说书房是房子里最大的奢侈，将其压缩到最小。“这是我将建筑和家庭结合得最紧密的一个项目。它是作为建筑师证明自己的一页篇章，但这还不是全部。”

The furniture and fittings have been chosen in collaboration with Swedish artist Hannes Wingate, a Central St Martins graduate who spent a few years running Jeanne Gang’s interiors department in Chicago. ‘Todd’s architecture is connected to an origin or vernacular both in its form, materiality and relationship to site,’ says Wingate. ‘He’s refreshingly no-nonsense.’ Starting from scratch, the artist assembled a collection that makes the most of the spaces, including a daybed by Another Country, vintage Danish sideboards, light fixtures by Roll & Hill, and kitchen counter stools by Søren Rose, while handmade ceramic tiles from San Francisco adorn all three bathrooms. The custom-built staircase – with its open treads preserving the views along the length of the house – continues to the top floor, where there’s a library space and two more terraces. Saunders describes the library as the biggest extravagance in a house that is pared down to the bare essentials. ‘It’s the closest I’ve come to bringing architecture and home together. It’s one chapter of who I am as an architect, but it’s not the full story.’

© Bent René Synnevåg

同时，厚厚的墙壁隐藏着大量存储空间，还有隔热层，采用地热供暖，由地基的地热深井提供能量。这里有一个技巧，但它绝不是偏离正道的，那就是，桑德斯的建筑成功地将现代主义的轻盈与优雅转变为一个要求坚固和力量的环境。这个建筑适合北方气候，适合居住又值得赞美。

Meanwhile, thick walls conceal masses of storage, as well as swathes of insulation, with underfloor heating powered by a deep geothermal well on the site. There’s a trick here, although it’s in no way a devious one, in that Saunders’ architecture successfully translates the lightness and grace of modernism into an environment that demands solidity and strength. This is architecture for northern climates, a space to live in as well as admire.

Third Floor Plan/三层平面图

Perspective View/透视图

East Elevation/东立面

South View/南立面

North View/北立面

建筑设计：Saunders Architecture
项目位置：挪威
主建筑师：托德•桑德斯
项目时间：2015年
摄影：Bent René Synnevåg